Reference / Practical guide
Digital Product Passport FAQ
These answers distinguish the general DPP concept from legal obligations. Follow the linked guides for the details needed to make a product-specific decision.
Questions organisations actually need to resolve
What is a Digital Product Passport?
A digital set of product information connected to an identified physical product through a data carrier or electronic access route. Its required content depends on the applicable legislation. Read the detailed guide →
Is a DPP mandatory?
For products covered by a relevant obligation, yes. It is not a universal requirement for every product or company. Confirm the product, operator role and application provisions. Read the detailed guide →
When do DPP requirements begin?
There is no universal date. Article 77 specifies 18 February 2027 for defined battery categories. ESPR product measures have their own timing; working-plan adoption targets are not application dates. Read the detailed guide →
Which products need one?
EV batteries, LMT batteries and industrial batteries above 2 kWh are within the established battery-passport scope. ESPR priority categories must be checked against their applicable product measures. Read the detailed guide →
Is a QR code a DPP?
No. It may provide an access point. Identity, governed information, permissions, updates and continued availability are also needed. Read the detailed guide →
What information goes into a DPP?
Use the applicable product dataset. Potential categories include identity, materials, environmental information, repair, end of life and conformity, but a generic list is not a universal mandatory schema. Read the detailed guide →
Who creates it?
The responsible actor depends on the applicable legislation and role. Providers can perform technical work, but responsibility must be determined from the law and actual market activity. Read the detailed guide →
Does a DPP require blockchain?
The DPP concept does not inherently require blockchain. Choose technology for the applicable requirements, interoperability, security and continuity; do not start from a vendor’s preferred ledger. Read the detailed guide →
How is information accessed?
People may scan a carrier to reach a permitted view; systems may use machine-readable interfaces. Public access and restricted access must be designed separately. Read the detailed guide →
Does every individual product require a passport?
Not universally. ESPR product measures determine model, batch or item level. Battery passports include model and individual-battery information. Read the detailed guide →
How long must information remain available?
ESPR leaves the availability period to the relevant product measure, with at least the expected product lifetime as its framework baseline. Battery lifecycle and availability rules must be checked separately. Do not assume a single retention period. Read the detailed guide →
What software is needed?
Needs vary: governed publication, identity, supplier collection, validation, integration, permissions and portability may be provided by a platform, components or a hybrid. Read the detailed guide →
What should companies do now?
Document applicability, product identity and data owners; identify supplier gaps; pilot representative records; keep uncertain future requirements configurable. Read the detailed guide →
Use the answers in context
An answer about ESPR does not automatically apply to battery legislation or another product law. Check the cited instrument, current version and applicable measures before turning an answer into a release decision. These short explanations do not replace product classification, the original legal text or your internal approval process.
The detailed guides separate scope, data, technical design and procurement so you can investigate one uncertainty without assuming the others are resolved.
Sources for this guide
- ESPR — Regulation (EU) 2024/1781
- Batteries Regulation — current consolidated text
- European Commission: DPP questions and answers
Reviewed 4 October 2026. Check the current legal text and applicable product measures before acting.